Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder is a book by Nassim Nicholas Taleb published on November 27, 2012, by Random House in the United States and Penguin in the United Kingdom.
Antifragile Summary
Antifragile reveals how some systems thrive from shocks, volatility and uncertainty, instead of breaking from them, and how you can adapt more antifragile traits yourself to thrive in an uncertain and chaotic world.
Most self-help books, when you break them down to their core message, speak to common sense. If you read a book like Start With Why, you’ll at first be surprised, but once you get the core idea you’ll say: “Of course. In retrospect, it makes perfect sense.”
Antifragile isn’t like that. It’s unlike anything you’ve ever heard before. The idea alone is so hard to wrap your head around, that it really takes a while to sink in.
The author, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, is a statistician and investigates problems of randomness and uncertainty. He argues that some systems thrive when exposed to shocks and crises, instead of breaking under their pressure.
We all know the label on boxes with glass inside them that reads “Fragile – handle with care”, and we’ve all seen more than one scene in a movie where someone throws a package like that, resulting in a glass shattering noise.
You know that fragile things break when you shock them and toss them around – volatility does them no good.
But when you think about it, there isn’t really a word that describes things, which are the opposite, is there?
We might talk about something being robust or durable, but that really just means it can resist shocks and stress better than fragile items – but it doesn’t benefit from them.
You’d still label the boxes you ship robust things in with “Handle with care”, not with “Please handle roughly”.
Nassim Taleb took care of this dilemma by giving us a word for what we’re looking for: antifragile.
It describes things that benefit from shock and thrive in volatile environments, because as they’re stressed and put under pressure, they get better, not worse.
There are quite a few more good examples of antifragile systems, one being the evolutionary process.
Evolution itself is incredibly antifragile – we’ve evolved from our ancestors based on the genetic features and traits which helped us survive the most and succeed.
However, that also meant many humans before us had to die.
Through evolution it became apparent that the more advanced our hands got, the longer we could survive, so eventually our genetic code morphed to include the incredibly refined hands we all have today.
So for an antifragile system to work, its individual parts must be fragile, because the success and failure of these parts serves as important feedback for the system as a whole and allows it to get better in chaotic circumstances.
Actually you do experience it quite often, if you exercise regularly, that is. When you go to the gym and lift really heavy weights, and when you feel the burn, you push on and do just one more rep – that’s when growth happens.
The fragile parts, the tissue in your muscles, is broken down – the failure is reported to the system.
Usually, the human body is incredibly efficient, and doesn’t want any excess capacity “lying around”. But in the case of being antifragile, your body builds redundancy in order to prepare for future extreme situations and emergencies.
That’s how stress can prepare your body for even bigger stress and it’s building this extra capacity that lies at the core of why being antifragile is so helpful to thrive in critical situations.
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About the Author
Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a Lebanese-American essayist, mathematical statistician, former option trader, risk analyst, and aphorist whose work concerns problems of randomness, probability, and uncertainty. The Sunday Times called his 2007 book The Black Swan one of the 12 most influential books since World War II.
